- January 23, 1579. Signing of the Union of Utrecht, which brings the seven northern provinces of the Netherlands together into a defense alliance against the Spanish Hapsburgs.
- January 26, 1654. "Verzuimd Brazil"--The Dutch formally surrender their holdings in Brazil to Portugal; known as the Capitulation of Taborda.
- February 8, 1575. Founding of Leiden University.
- February 19, 1674. Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the third Anglo-Dutch war.
- March 20, 1602. Formation of the East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie--VOC).
- March 22, 1622. Massive Powhatan uprising against English plantations on the James River inVirginia launching the Second Anglo-Powhatan War, which was to last for ten years.
- March 28, 1638. Arrival of Willem Kieft aboard De Haring to assume the directorship of New Netherland.
- April 1, 1572. The Dutch rebels capture the city Den Briel from the Spaniards, inspiring other elements in the Netherlands to join the revolt.
"Op den eersten van April/ Verloor Duc d'Alva zynen Bril."
- April 5, 1654. The Treaty of Westminster, ending the first Anglo-Dutch war.
- April 9, 1609. The Twelve Years' Truce concluded with Spain at Antwerp.
- April 10, 1652. The formation of the village of Beverwijck, established as the Court of Fort Orange and Beverwijck, temporarily resolving the dispute between the Patroonship of Rensselaerswijck and the West India Company.
- May 4, 1626. Peter Minuit arrives in New Netherland aboard the See Meeuw to become director.
- May 11, 1647. Petrus Stuyvesant arrives at Manhattan with the WIC ships Groote Gerrit and Princess Amalia to assume his position as director general of New Netherland, Curaçao, Bonaire and Aruba.
- May 13, 1619. The beheading of Johan van Oldenbamevelt, leader of the anti-war party, at The Hague; this victory of the counter-remonstrants led to continuation of war with Spain and the formation of theWIC.
- May 16, 1691. Execution by hanging of Jacob Leisler and his son-in-law Jacob Milborne in NYC.
- May 21, 1654. Fort Casimir on the Delaware captured by Johan Rising, newly arrived governor of New Sweden, on Trinity Sunday (57 days after Easter); Dutch fort renamed Fort Trefaldighet (Fort Trinity).
- June 18, 1629. Death of Piet Heyn (who captured the Spanish silver fleet) in action against the Dunkirkers.
" syn naem is klein / maer syn daeden benne groot."
- July 6, 1588. Defeat of the Spanish Armada by a combined English and Dutch force.
- July 6, 1652. Formal declaration of war with England, usually called the First Anglo-Dutch War.
- July 10, 1584. Assassination of Willem, Prince of Orange and Nassau, at his residence, the Prinsenhof, in Delft.
- July 21, 1667. Treaty of Breda, ending the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
- July 26, 1581. The Act of Abjuration at the Hague in which representatives of the rebelling Dutch provinces abjured their oath to Philip 11; comparable to our Declaration of Independence.
- August 8, 1672. Alexander d'Hiniyossa, former director of Nieuwer Amstel, Amsterdam's colony on the South River, beheaded at Edam for inciting to mutiny and leaving his post at Wesel.
- August 9, 1673. The combined fleet of Cornelis Evertsz and Jacob Benckes captures New York and restore New Netherland during the Third Anglo-Dutch War. New York City is renamed New Orange; Kingston becomes Swanenburgh; Albany, Willemstad; Fort Albany, Fort Nassau.
- September 5, 1655. Stuyvesant's expedition against New Sweden on the Delaware leaves Manhattan after Sunday church service. The expeditionary force consisted of seven ships, including Den Waagh, a forty-two gun warship on loan from the city of Amsterdam, and 350 soldiers.
- September 8, 1628. Piet Heyn, in command of fleet West India Company squadron of warships, captures the Spanish silver fleet in Matanzas Bay, Cuba.
- September 8, 1664. Stuyvesant surrenders New Netherland during peace time to an English invasion fleet commanded by Richard Nicolls.
- September 11, 1655. Stuyvesant captures the Swedish fort "Trinity" (former Fort Casimir) at present-day New Castle, Delaware.
- September 15, 1655. The Peach War erupts with attack on New Amsterdam by a combined force of Manhattan rim Indians.
- September 19, 1609. The East India Company ship Halve Maen, commanded by Henry Hudson, reaches the present-day Albany area.
- September 25, 1655. Johan Rising, governor of New Sweden, surrenders the Swedish colony to Petrus Stuyvesant, director general of New Netherland. I
- September 29, 1647. The West India Company ship Princess Amalia sinks in Bristol Bay near Swansea, Wales with a large loss of life, including Willem Kieft, former director general of New Netherland and Everardus Bogardus, former domine in New Amsterdam.
- October 3, 1574. Relief of Leiden after a long and bitter siege by Spanish forces. Prince of Orange rewards citizens for their resistance by making Leiden a university center (see Feb 8).
- October 11, 1614. The place name New Netherland appears for the first in a resolution of the States General of the United Provinces concerning trading licenses between New France and Virginia.
- November 10, 1674. New Netherland officially returned to England as the province of New York, as a result of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the third Anglo-Dutch war.
- November 15, 1688 n.s.<~B> Willem III Hendrick, Prince of Orange, Stadhouder of Holland and Zeeland, enters Tor Bay along the south-west coast of England with 50 ships and lands 21,000 Dutch troops in Brixham, Devonshire; Willem marches on London where he is crowned William III, king of England.
- November 16, 1776. Johannes de Graaff, governor of St. Eustatius, a Caribbean possession of the Netherlands, salutes the Massachusetts ship Andrew Doria and becomes the first foreign power to recognize the flag of the American colonies, which are in revolt against England.
- December 5. Sinterklaas avond, the night before the traditional birthday of St. Nicolaas, during which children are presented with gifts. The event forms the basis for the American tradition of Santa Claus.
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